Investment in agricultural research and development in the past few decades has helped to improve the lives of most Indians through enhanced and affordable food supply, boosted incomes for millions of our farmers, and reduced the incidence of famine and starvation despite massive population increases in the past few decades. Nevertheless, food insecurity and malnutrition still persists in India. The causes for poverty and hunger are varied and complex, but experts concur that sustainable agricultural development will be critical in meeting future food needs, reducing poverty and protecting the environment.